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Revision as of 23:59, 16 August 2016

Your Nissan A Engine is built for spritely power with maximum longevity. If you want to trade off reliability for wear-time, you can increase the horsepower significantly. The following applies to all Nissan A engines: A10, A12, A13, A14, A15 and A12A. Buildups are fun and a great learning experience.

1 Baseline Tuning
2 Biggest Bang for the Buck
3 First Upgrade
4 Engine Swap
5 Stage One Buildup
6 Stage Two
7 Stage Three
8 Short Block
9 Forced Induction
10 Example Builds

Baseline Tuning

Tuning your car to factory specification -- without buying a hotrod parts -- can double the horsepower of your car. Even when relatively new, 1970s cars could be far out of tune. See Supertune.

Be sure to start with the baseline tuning. Adding aftermarket "performance" parts won't help an engine that has basic tuning flaws in the first place.

Stock A12: 58 hp (39 rear-wheel hp)
Average A12: 22 rwhp
Post click for topic

Biggest Bang for the Buck

Consider that the biggest acceleration gain is to be had by changing the rear axle ratio. Going from the stock 3.9 to 4.2 makes a stock A12 rev a lot faster, yes you'll have to shift sooner, but that's kinda the point, innit? And you can still do 75 mph (120 kph) top end. If you have taller-than-stock tires the need for a steeper rear gear is even more important.

Do you want performance or fuel economy?

Swapping center units is easy and inexpensive
Post click for topic

First Upgrade

Engine buildups require high RPMs to make more power. So, the biggest change you can make is to rev your A12 engine up higher before shifting. The factory stock A12 can be run to 6400 RPM before it gets to the red zone. It will cruise (run all day) at 5000 RPM.

Album 26335

Then once you are used to running the engine at high RPMs, if you add a larger carburetor it will make more HP.

A larger carburetor:

won't make the engine run better below 4,000 rpm
From 5000 to 6000 RPM, hp will improve significantly

Adding a carburetor is relatively easy. The most popular swap is the Weber 32/36 DGV family. See Weber 32/36 Carburetor.

Of course at higher RPMs your engine will wear out faster. It is a trade-off you need to decide on.

Also see: RPM

Engine Swap

Before you go farther, decide whether you should swap in a larger engine. For example, going from an A12 to an 80HP A15 may cost around $500 for a good used engine, but will equal about $2000 worth of "buildup" for an A12.

A15 with larger carb: 85 hp. Cost: $
A12 build lots of work: 85 hp. Cost $$$

And the A15 will still have an acceleration advantage, having more average horsepower (25% more power at low RPMs). The 80HP A15 is less expensive, easier to drive, and will last longer. On the other hand the 80 HP "built" A12 will be more exciting and sound gnarly when run at high RPM.

See A-series_Engine_Swaps

Now consider bigger engines:

Stock A12: 58 hp cost $0 (you already have it!)
Stock A14: 80 hp cost $500 for good used engine
Stock SR20DE: 140+ hp only $1400
Stock KA24DE: 156 hp

A stock 2.4 liter engine swap in a 1200 can be as fast as a common V8 sedan (860kg/2.4-liter equal performance 1800kg/5-liter).

KA24DE pickup engine in B210 (and some red paint)
Album 1738

Stage One Buildup

Stage one is all about bolt-on induction improvements. This is relatively easy -- it doesn't involve removing the engine.

Cost: $ (about $500)
Gain: noise and fury

Larger carburetor, e.g. Weber 32/36 Carburetor
4-into-1 exhaust, like the stock exhaust manifold
Stock 1.5 inch diameter exhaust

On an A12 engine, this might make, what? 75hp? (compared to 69hp stock). This is measured on an engine dyno (Factory specs are *not* measured by rear-wheel-horsepower -- see Performance). Use the Datsun 1200 GX exhaust system.

Or:

Cost: $$ (about $1000)
Gain: noise and fury, plus movement

Sidedraft inlet manifold
Twin sidedraft carburetors (see Choosing A Carburetor)
Exhaust headers (extractors or )
1.75 inch diameter exhaust (entire exhaust, including muffler)

On an A12 engine, this might make, what? 80hp? This is measured on an engine dyno, as "gross" hp (with no/minimal exhaust, no accessories such as alternator). The stock factory rating is 69 HP, so this would be a 16% increase. 80 HP is someone around 64 RWHP (rear-wheel horspower, as measured on a chassis dyno). See Performance, horsepower section).

Free flowing, Quiet, Long Lasting. Factory tri-y exhaust
GX Exhaust

Stage Two

Stage Two requires engine work on the inlet and exhaust side. It builds on Stage 1 by adding:

Cost: $$$ (about $2000)
Gain: A little faster, vastly faster sounding

Performance Camshaft, such as A12GX camshaft
- with mid-RPM dual valve springs, such as A12GX springs
Cylinder head work:
- Head Porting and larger valves, or
- Oval-port head swap

On an A12 engine, this might make, what? 90hp?

Stage Three

Stage Three is a high-dollar option that includes new pistons. It with all buildups, it makes power by revving higher. At 5000 RPM it may have less HP than stock, but at higher revs will have more HP than stock.

It builds on Stage 2 by adding:

Cost: $$$$ (about $5000)
Gain: impressive

Flattop pistons (for A12, use Datsun 1000 coupe pistons from KB10 model), or Forged dome-top high compression pistons
High RPM (7000 RPM or more) camshaft
- High RPM dual valve springs (stiffer than GX springs)
Big Valves: Larger valves than A14/A15 with Head Porting

High Compression pistons can add 3% horsepower, but you will need to buy premium fuel (on the plus side, fuel economy should increase). Flattops will add 1% maximum horsepower.

COUP1200: My A14 makes 140hp & its not EFI or turbo. I have twin 40mm webers, good extractors the head flowes 141hp. All your power gain is in the head big valves extencive amounts of porting good spark ... I dont run roller rockers & have not had a problem.you dont need to go to big with the cam mine about 74deg ... Mine makes power to 7500rpm.

feral: COOPS 1200 SEDAN AFTER RUNNING A 2:11 AT PHILLIP ISLAND CIRCUIT ... The car sounded awesome and handled very well. In typical 1200 fashion showed alot of more exotic machinery including a Porsche 924 turbo and a lotus elite a clean pair of tailights :-)

Short Block

Upgrading parts to the block (rods, rod bolts, studs, forged crank, etc.) does not make more HP, although it may enable to engine to last longer. A totally factory-stock A12 short block can make 140 reliable HP with the right top-end parts.

Forged pistons are generally called for at power levels in excess of 140 HP
ARP rod bolts can be used for RPM usage above 8500 RPM
Main studs will not increase the reliability -- the A12 already comes with the same tough main cap bolts as the L18 engine. It's overkill right from the factory.
The stock crankshaft is plenty strong for 8500 RPM use
For 10,000 RPM use forged pistons, custom rods, ARP bolts, and dry-sump lubrication

Forced Induction

Alternatively, adding a turbocharger or supercharger will make equivalent maximum horsepower but with more low-speed horsepower. It's generally less expensive than a traditional build-up too.

See main articles:
* $1200 EFI Turbo A12
* Forced Induction

Example Builds

See Builds

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Engine buildup